Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Echo

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...

Auditory Perception

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Polyarticular Septic Arthritis Following Hemodialysis in an Immunocompetent Patient With Acute Renal Failure.

Cureus·2026

Same author

Mapping Aural Rehabilitation Needs in a Kannada-Speaking Population: A Focus Group Study with Adults with Hearing Loss, Their Significant Others and Audiologists.

Audiology research·2026

Same author

A systematic review on sound-based therapy for individuals with hyperacusis.

Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola·2026

Same author

Exploring research trends in decreased sound tolerance: A preliminary scientometric review.

Acta psychologica·2026

Same author

The Effect of Age on Sentence Recognition in Noise with Different Noises Across the Adult Lifespan.

Audiology research·2026

Same author

Mirror Neuron System and Upper-Limb EMG Activity During Reaching Imitation in Stroke Survivors: Comparing Outcomes After Observing Normal vs. Aberrant Movements.

NeuroRehabilitation·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

Association between Tinnitus and Auditory Middle Latency Response: An Exploratory Study.

K Sai Keerthan¹, C S Jyotsna¹, K M Prajwal¹

¹Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Journal of Otology

|March 2, 2026

Summary

Tinnitus significantly alters the Pa component amplitude of the auditory middle latency response (MLR). This finding suggests the Pa component may serve as a biomarker for detecting neurophysiological changes in tinnitus patients.

Keywords:

Auditory evoked potential Middle latency response Pa amplitude Tinnitus

More Related Videos

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Semi-Automated Analysis of Peak Amplitude and Latency for Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using R

Semi-Automated Analysis of Peak Amplitude and Latency for Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using R

Published on: December 9, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Semi-Automated Analysis of Peak Amplitude and Latency for Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using R

Semi-Automated Analysis of Peak Amplitude and Latency for Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using R

Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

Audiology
Neuroscience
Otolaryngology

Background:

Tinnitus affects 6.7% of adults globally, with theories linking it to increased neural activity in the thalamus.
Objective assessment of tinnitus is challenging due to its complex nature and lack of standardized tests.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of tinnitus on the latency and amplitude of the auditory middle latency response (MLR).
To explore the potential of MLR components as objective measures for tinnitus assessment.

Main Methods:

Fifty participants (25 with tinnitus, 25 controls) underwent audiological evaluations, including pure tone audiometry and middle latency response (MLR) testing.
MLR was recorded using tone burst stimuli (500 Hz–4 KHz) via the IHS program, with pure tone thresholds as a covariate.
Analysis included ANCOVA and Karl Pearson correlation to assess MLR components and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores.

Main Results:

A significant difference in the amplitude of the Pa component of MLR was observed between individuals with tinnitus and the control group.
No other MLR components showed significant variations in latency or amplitude between the groups.
Pa component amplitude showed a significant correlation with THI scores, unlike other MLR measures.

Conclusions:

The Pa component of the middle latency response exhibits significant changes in amplitude in individuals with tinnitus.
The Pa component holds promise as a potential objective tool for identifying neurophysiological alterations associated with tinnitus.
Further research into MLR, particularly the Pa component, could lead to improved tinnitus assessment methods.