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Assessing the Impact of Mesoporous, Co-Amorphous, and Polymer-Based Systems on Cefdinir's Dissolution and Stability
Raghad Al Nuss1, Mohamad Anas Al Tahan2, Hind El-Zein3
1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Daraa, Syria.
British Journal of Biomedical Science
|March 2, 2026
Summary
Formulating poorly soluble drugs like cefdinir using amorphisation strategies significantly enhances dissolution and oral bioavailability. Mesoporous silica dispersions offer superior long-term stability for Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class IV compounds.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Drug Delivery
- Materials Science
Background:
- Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class IV drugs exhibit poor solubility and permeability, limiting oral bioavailability.
- Enhancing drug dissolution is crucial for improving bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of poorly soluble compounds.
- Amorphisation strategies offer potential solutions for overcoming solubility challenges in drug formulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To formulate cefdinir, a BCS Class IV drug, using three amorphisation strategies: solid dispersions, mesoporous silica dispersions, and co-amorphous systems.
- To evaluate the impact of these formulations on drug stability and dissolution profiles.
- To assess the long-term physical stability of the amorphous systems under various storage conditions.
Main Methods:
- Formulation of cefdinir using spray drying and solvent immersion techniques.
- Characterization of amorphous systems using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD).
- Dissolution studies and physical stability assessments under different storage conditions (temperature and humidity).
Main Results:
- All amorphised formulations demonstrated significantly enhanced cefdinir release compared to crystalline cefdinir.
- Solid dispersion and co-amorphous systems showed the greatest improvement in dissolution rates and maintained supersaturation.
- Mesoporous silica dispersions exhibited superior long-term stability, retaining >95% drug content and amorphous structure for 6 months across tested conditions.
Conclusions:
- Amorphisation strategies effectively enhance dissolution and bioavailability of BCS Class IV drugs.
- Mesoporous silica dispersions provide excellent physical stability for amorphous drugs due to pore confinement.
- Balancing dissolution enhancement with solid-state stability is key for rational formulation design of poorly soluble drugs.
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