Propolis Supplementation and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Adults at Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis...

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Science
• Metabolic Health
• Natural Products Research

Background:

• Propolis, a bee-derived resin, possesses known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Previous studies on propolis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components yielded inconsistent results.
• A comprehensive meta-analysis was needed to clarify propolis's impact on MetS in at-risk adults.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically evaluate the effects of propolis supplementation on metabolic syndrome components.
• To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on propolis and MetS indicators.
• To provide a clearer understanding of propolis's potential role in managing MetS risk factors.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was performed across major scientific databases up to July 2025.
• Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating propolis supplementation in adults at risk for MetS.
• Data were analyzed using a random-effects model to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD).

Main Results:

• The meta-analysis included 20 RCTs with 1091 participants.
• Propolis significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD: -7.93 mg/dL) and triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD: -12.32 mg/dL).
• No significant effects were observed on waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, systolic, or diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusions:

• Propolis supplementation demonstrates potential benefits for glycemic and triglyceride control in individuals with MetS risk factors.
• The current evidence suggests propolis does not significantly affect other MetS components like blood pressure or HDL cholesterol.
• Further high-quality RCTs with longer follow-up periods are recommended to confirm these findings and explore mechanisms.