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Links Between Externalizing And Internalizing Symptoms And Peer Victimization: The Role Of Rumination And
Julia El Kallassi1, Raymond Bou Nader2, Martine Bouvard1
1Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, Department of Psychology, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France.
Clinical Neuropsychiatry
|March 2, 2026
Summary
Bullying victimization is linked to externalizing symptoms through rumination. However, rumination and self-efficacy do not mediate the link between bullying and internalizing difficulties in children.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Adolescent Mental Health
- Bullying Research
Background:
- Bullying is a significant issue for school-age children, causing internalizing and externalizing problems.
- Limited research explores factors mediating the link between bullying victimization and psychological distress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the roles of rumination and self-efficacy in the relationship between bullying victimization and psychological difficulties in children.
- To examine how different bullying profiles (non-involved, new victims, escaped victims, continuous victims) relate to psychological outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study with 362 children (aged ~13) surveyed at two time points, 6 months apart.
- Data collection included measures of bullying status, rumination, self-efficacy, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms.
Main Results:
- Bullying status significantly affected rumination, self-efficacy, and internalizing/externalizing symptoms.
- Victimization predicted externalizing symptoms via rumination, but not internalizing symptoms.
- Internalizing symptoms predicted future victimization through rumination and self-efficacy; externalizing symptoms predicted victimization via self-efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Findings offer practical insights for interventions targeting bullying victims.
- Highlights the complex interplay between bullying, rumination, self-efficacy, and psychological difficulties in children.
- Establishes a foundation for future research on the mechanisms underlying bullying's impact.
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