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Design and Iterative Development of Serious Exergames for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Formative

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This study developed novel exergames for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), showing increased engagement over time with full-body movements. These serious games (SGs) offer a promising approach for therapeutic and educational settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Serious games research
  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions
  • Human-computer interaction in therapy

Background:

  • Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face challenges in cognitive, motor, and social domains, impacting daily functioning and well-being.
  • Existing physical activity interventions for ASD often lack deep engagement and expert-informed, iterative design.
  • There's a need for exergames promoting sustained, whole-body activity tailored to ASD-specific needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To iteratively design exercise-based serious games (SGs) for children with ASD using an expert-informed co-design process.
  • To explore the feasibility and use contexts of these exergames through a pilot study.

Main Methods:

  • Developed two exergames, "Fruit Sorting Run" and "Hazard Avoiding Ride," integrating full-body movements into goal-directed tasks.
  • Employed four design methods: stakeholder interviews, concept mapping, creative matrix, and visualize the vote.
  • Conducted a multiple-case pilot study with three children with ASD, collecting engagement data and caregiver feedback.

Main Results:

  • Engagement in both exergames showed a statistically significant increase over normalized time.
  • Caregiver interviews corroborated findings, reporting enhanced attention, motivation, and enjoyment during gameplay.
  • Exergames successfully integrated exertion-intensive, whole-body movement within structured gameplay.

Conclusions:

  • An expert-informed design approach is applicable for developing effective exergames for children with ASD.
  • The developed exergames are viable, incorporating goal-directed physical activity and virtual agent prompting.
  • Preliminary findings suggest exertion-intensive, full-body SGs may increase engagement over time, warranting further research.