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Humidity-Resistant Ambient-Processed Organic Solar Cells via Siloxane-Modified Polymer Donors.

Deng Zhou1, Yuntong Yang1, Xuanchen Liu1

  • 1Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.

Chemsuschem
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Introducing siloxane side chains into polymer donors enhances polymer solar cell performance, especially under humid air conditions. This terpolymer strategy offers a promising route for efficient and industrially viable organic photovoltaics.

Keywords:
air‐processingorganic solar cellsrandom copolymerizationsiloxane‐terminated side chainterpolymer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Random ternary copolymerization is key for high-performance polymer donors in polymer solar cells (PSCs).
  • The polymer donor PM6 is a well-established material in PSCs.
  • Modifying side chains of polymer donors can tune their electronic properties and device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of introducing siloxane-terminated side chains into the PM6 polymer donor.
  • To evaluate the performance of new terpolymers (PM6-C6Si3, PM6-C6Si5, PM6-C6Si10) in PSCs.
  • To assess the impact of siloxane side chains on device performance under ambient processing conditions, particularly high relative humidity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized terpolymers by replacing a small portion of alkyl side chains with siloxane-terminated side chains on the benzodithiophene unit of PM6.
  • Fabricated PSC devices using the synthesized terpolymers as donors and acceptors like Y6 and L8-BO.
  • Characterized the optical and electronic properties (absorption spectra, HOMO energy levels) of the polymers.
  • Evaluated device performance, including power conversion efficiency (PCE), under various processing conditions (nitrogen vs. humid air).

Main Results:

  • Terpolymers showed negligible changes in absorption spectra but slight upshifts in highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels compared to PM6.
  • The PM6-C6Si5-based device achieved the highest PCE when paired with the Y6 acceptor.
  • PM6-C6Si5-based active layers demonstrated enhanced and more balanced charge transport.
  • Devices processed in 90% relative humidity (RH) air showed significantly elevated PCEs for PM6-C6Si5 compared to PM6.
  • PM6-C6Si5:L8-BO devices achieved higher PCEs (18.60% under N2, 17.33% under 90% RH air) than PM6:L8-BO devices (18.03% under N2, 16.66% under 90% RH air).

Conclusions:

  • Introducing a small amount of siloxane side chains into PM6 is beneficial for developing high-performance polymer donors.
  • These terpolymers exhibit improved performance and stability, particularly under humid air processing conditions.
  • The siloxane-modified terpolymers hold significant potential for the industrial application of organic photovoltaics due to their favorable air processing characteristics.