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Design Principles for Interactive Dashboards in Drug Safety Surveillance: Design Science Research
Malwina Kotowicz1, Mexhid Ferati1, Soumitra Chowdhury1
1Department of Informatics, Faculty of Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, 351 95, Sweden, 46 470767999.
JMIR Medical Informatics
|March 3, 2026
Summary
This study developed design principles for drug safety dashboards, enhancing user-centered design for better pharmacovigilance and decision-making. The resulting prototype achieved 84% usability, improving drug safety data understanding.
Area of Science:
- Health Informatics
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Pharmacovigilance
Background:
- Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) present significant healthcare risks and economic burdens.
- Drug safety surveillance dashboards are crucial tools for mitigating these risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a user-centered drug safety tracking dashboard.
- To formulate and refine design principles (DPs) for drug safety dashboards using affordance theory and end-user involvement.
Main Methods:
- A design science research approach with 3 iterative cycles of design and evaluation.
- Involvement of 4 professional and 6 nonprofessional end-users in co-design workshops, usability testing, and heuristic evaluations.
Main Results:
- A set of 8 refined DPs based on affordance theory, guiding dashboard design for immediate use, pattern identification, trend tracking, user control, and decision support.
- A high-fidelity dashboard prototype achieving an 84% overall usability score.
Conclusions:
- Affordance theory-based DPs resulted in a user-relevant artifact for improved drug safety data comprehension and decision-making.
- Demonstrated the utility of affordances in developing pharmacovigilance dashboards.
- Findings are potentially applicable to similar health information systems.
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