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Personality, Performance, and Corticosterone in White-Footed Mice.

Paul Agnani, Kathleen Gilmour, Vincent Careau

    Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology
    |March 3, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Glucocorticoid stress hormones influence the trade-off between animal exploration and locomotor performance. Higher stress hormone levels correlate with slower sprint speeds and reduced exploration in mice.

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    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral Ecology
    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Animal Physiology

    Background:

    • Previous studies indicate a negative correlation between exploration and locomotor performance in small rodents.
    • Stressful conditions, such as novelty and forced exercise, may influence this relationship through glucocorticoid hormones.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of corticosterone (a glucocorticoid hormone) in the negative relationship between exploration and sprint speed in white-footed mice.
    • To determine how baseline and post-exercise corticosterone levels relate to both behavioral (exploration) and performance (sprint speed) measures.

    Main Methods:

    • Repeatedly measured exploration, sprint speed, and blood corticosterone levels in 51 captive female white-footed mice.
    • Utilized novel environment tests for exploration and a racetrack for forced-exercise sprint speed.
    Keywords:
    Schur complementbaseline corticosteroneforced-exercise testmultivariate mixed modelsopen-field testrepeatabilitystress

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  • Analyzed correlations between behavioral measures, performance metrics, and both baseline and post-exercise corticosterone levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Confirmed a negative correlation between exploration and sprint speed among individuals.
    • Demonstrated contrasting relationships between corticosterone levels and behavior versus performance.
    • Found that corticosterone levels partially explained the negative exploration-sprint speed correlation.

    Conclusions:

    • Glucocorticoid stress hormones play a significant role in mediating the trade-off between exploration and locomotor performance.
    • The findings support the hypothesis that stress hormones contribute to the observed inverse relationship between these two traits in rodents.