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Competition and compromise between exogenous probiotics and native microbiota.

Zhe Han1, Zheng Sun2, Qian Zhao1

  • 1School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.

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Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis V9 (BV9) colonization is enhanced by high-fiber diets. BV9 specifically competes with Parabacteroides distasonis for inulin-derived glucose, revealing gut microbiome niche dynamics.

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Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis V9Parabacteroides distasonisadaptive evolutionco-evolutiongut microbiotainterspecies competitioninulinmetabolic trade-offprebioticsprobiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Probiotic interventions modulate the gut microbiome.
  • Mechanisms of exogenous probiotic competition with native gut microbiota are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the competitive strategies of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis V9 (BV9) against native gut microbiota.
  • To elucidate the role of diet in probiotic colonization and inter-species competition.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal metagenomic and whole-genome sequencing of mouse stool samples.
  • In vitro co-culture experiments to validate competitive dynamics.
  • Genomic structure comparison of BV9 and Parabacteroides distasonis.

Main Results:

  • A high-fiber diet significantly supports BV9 colonization.
  • BV9 selectively competes with Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis), not broadly with other gut bacteria.
  • Competition and compromise in utilizing inulin-derived glucose were observed between BV9 and P. distasonis.

Conclusions:

  • Diet composition critically influences probiotic colonization and competitive interactions.
  • BV9 exhibits specific niche competition within the gut microbiome.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective probiotic application and microbiome modulation.