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Three-dimensional nanophotonics with spatially modulated optical properties.

Yannick Salamin1,2,3, Gaojie Yang4, Brian Mills5

  • 1Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. yannick.salamin@ucf.edu.

Light, Science & Applications
|March 3, 2026
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Summary

We introduce Implosion Fabrication (ImpFab), a novel nanophotonics platform offering high resolution and volumetric control. This method enables precise fabrication of 3D optical structures for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanophotonics
  • Materials Science
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Nanophotonics enables precise control over light-matter interactions.
  • Existing fabrication methods face limitations in resolution, material versatility, and volumetric control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Implosion Fabrication (ImpFab) as a versatile nanophotonics fabrication platform.
  • To demonstrate ImpFab's capability for high-resolution, volumetric control over optical nanostructures.
  • To showcase the fabrication of 3D photonic crystals, quasicrystals, and spatially modulated optical materials.

Main Methods:

  • Combines top-down lithography with bottom-up nanoparticle assembly.
  • Utilizes a hydrogel scaffold for precise material placement.
  • Allows tuning of optical properties, such as refractive index, via printing parameters.

Main Results:

  • Fabrication of 3D photonic crystals and quasicrystals with high spatial resolution.
  • Demonstration of optical structures with spatially modulated unit cell material properties.
  • Achieved precise control over optical material properties by adjusting printing parameters.

Conclusions:

  • ImpFab offers unparalleled spatial resolution, material versatility, and volumetric control for nanophotonics.
  • The platform enables the creation of nanostructures with tailored optical functionalities for sensing, imaging, and information processing.
  • ImpFab opens new possibilities for developing non-Hermitian photonic systems with controlled gain and loss.