Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

5.0K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
5.0K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

5.7K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
5.7K
Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

1.9K
Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence...
1.9K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

883
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
883
Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview01:22

Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview

547
Rational drug product design integrates knowledge of the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation components, manufacturing techniques, and intended route of administration. Each factor influences the drug’s performance, including how it is released, absorbed, and eliminated in the body.The physicochemical properties of a drug—such as solubility, stability, and particle size—affect its compatibility with excipients and the choice of dosage form. Excipients, though...
547
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

226
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
226

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transport of Engineered Nanoparticles in Solid Tumors: Mechanistic Barriers and Emerging Delivery Strategies.

Bioconjugate chemistry·2026
Same author

Correction to: Molecular interplay of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs axes in triple-negative breast cancer: implications for metastatic progression.

Journal of applied genetics·2026
Same author

Hyaluronic Acid-functionalized Hesperidin-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Mitigating Oxidative Stress: A Potential Strategy for Radiation-induced Skin Injury.

Applied biochemistry and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Molecular interplay of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs axes in triple-negative breast cancer: implications for metastatic progression.

Journal of applied genetics·2026
Same author

Mechanistic Basis of Cholesterol Binding and Transfer in NPC2: Insights From Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2026
Same author

Design, Optimization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Lactoferrin-Coated Brexpiprazole-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Brain Targeting.

AAPS PharmSciTech·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

Published on: January 24, 2018

17.4K

Rational Design of Amiodarone Co-crystals: A Synergistic Strategy Combining Computational Prediction,

Rahul Jha1, Smit Patel1, Arzoo Sekhani1

  • 1Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Bardoli, Gujarat, 394350, India.

AAPS Pharmscitech
|March 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study developed amiodarone hydrochloride (AMH) co-crystals to improve drug solubility and dissolution. The resulting tablets showed enhanced drug release, offering a promising formulation for treating cardiac arrhythmias.

Keywords:
Amiodarone hydrochlorideCo-crystallisationDissolution enhancementImmediate-release formulationSupersaturation

More Related Videos

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
05:08

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

15.6K
Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry
07:20

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry

Published on: October 6, 2023

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

Published on: January 24, 2018

17.4K
Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
05:08

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

15.6K
Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry
07:20

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry

Published on: October 6, 2023

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Amiodarone hydrochloride (AMH) exhibits poor aqueous solubility, limiting its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Co-crystallization is a viable strategy to enhance the solubility and dissolution of Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II drugs like AMH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an immediate-release tablet formulation of AMH co-crystals with improved solubility and dissolution.
  • To investigate co-former selection and optimize tablet formulation for enhanced drug release and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Co-crystal screening using thermodynamic calculations (excess enthalpy, Hansen solubility parameters).
  • Synthesis of AMH co-crystals (amiodarone-tartaric acid, amiodarone-phthalic acid) via liquid-assisted grinding.
  • Characterization using PXRD, DSC, FTIR, and SEM; solubility studies; polymer screening; tablet formulation optimization using Design of Experiments; stability testing.

Main Results:

  • Amiodarone-tartaric acid co-crystal demonstrated significantly enhanced solubility compared to pure AMH.
  • Polyethylene glycol 4000 was identified as an optimal polymer for controlling phase transformation.
  • Optimized tablets achieved >90% AMH release within 20 minutes, outperforming a marketed product.

Conclusions:

  • AMH co-crystallization effectively enhances solubility and dissolution characteristics.
  • The developed immediate-release tablet formulation is robust, stable, and shows potential for clinical application in treating cardiac arrhythmias.