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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) for Cancer Therapy Monitoring
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Companion Diagnostics in Clinical Therapy: Current Applications and Future Directions.

Yuesong Wu1,2, Rou Xue1, Xiangwen Luo1,3

  • 1Clinical Research Center (CRC) Medical Pathology Center (MPC) Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Center (CEDTC) and Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC) Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University Wanzhou District Chongqing China.

Medcomm
|March 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Companion diagnostics (CDx) are crucial for precision medicine, tailoring treatments via biomarkers. This review explores CDx advancements, challenges, and future integration into AI-enhanced healthcare.

Keywords:
companion diagnosticsin vitro diagnosticsnext‐generation sequencingoncology treatmentpersonalized medicineprecision medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarker discovery and validation
  • Precision medicine and personalized therapeutics
  • Diagnostic technology development

Background:

  • Companion diagnostics (CDx) enable personalized treatment plans based on individual biomarker profiles, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and potentially reducing healthcare costs.
  • Established models in oncology utilize targeted therapies (e.g., EGFR, HER2, PD-1/PD-L1) driven by biomarkers.
  • Rapid technological advancements and complex resistance mechanisms pose challenges for CDx development and application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the evolving regulatory landscape of companion diagnostics.
  • To examine current clinical applications of CDx across solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.
  • To explore diverse methodological platforms and persistent barriers in CDx development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on CDx.
  • Analysis of regulatory frameworks and clinical applications.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic platforms including NGS, IHC, liquid biopsies, and point-of-care testing.

Main Results:

  • Companion diagnostics are integral to precision medicine, with established roles in oncology.
  • Diverse platforms exist, from traditional methods like IHC to emerging liquid biopsies and POC testing.
  • Key challenges include tumor heterogeneity, standardization, biopsy trade-offs, and economic factors.

Conclusions:

  • Companion diagnostics face evolving challenges but are vital for personalized medicine.
  • Synergistic development of drugs and diagnostics is crucial.
  • Future integration into AI-enhanced, multiomics-driven healthcare ecosystems is projected.