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Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 on Cognitive Functions Through Event-Related Potentials Analysis
Erdal Eroğlu1, Javid Shafiyev2, Akçay Övünç Karadaş3
1Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi
|March 4, 2026
Summary
COVID-19 infection negatively impacts cognitive functions, particularly in older adults. Neurophysiological tests reveal age-dependent cognitive decline following COVID-19, with limited recovery in those over 65.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Infectious Diseases
- Gerontology
Background:
- COVID-19 impacts multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system.
- Cognitive impairments are reported post-COVID-19, but neurophysiological evidence is limited.
- Age is a significant factor in COVID-19's systemic and neurological effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of COVID-19 on cognitive functions across different age groups.
- To utilize neurophysiological parameters to assess cognitive changes post-COVID-19.
- To compare cognitive recovery in younger and older COVID-19 patients.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients (under 50 and over 65) and age-matched controls.
- Neurophysiological measurements (N200/P300 latencies, N2P3 amplitudes) taken on admission and 60 days post-discharge.
- Exclusion of participants with pre-existing cognitive conditions or severe COVID-19.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in event-related potentials between COVID-19 positive and negative groups.
- Age-related differences in neurophysiological parameters were observed in COVID-19 patients.
- Cognitive function improved by day 60 in patients under 50, but not in those over 65.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 infection adversely affects cognitive functions, with effects intensifying with age.
- Older adults (over 65) show limited cognitive recovery post-COVID-19 compared to younger individuals.
- Neurophysiological assessments are crucial for understanding age-specific cognitive sequelae of COVID-19.
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