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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measuring Left Ventricular Pressure in Late Embryonic and Neonatal Mice
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Cardiovascular scaling between humans and mice during postnatal development.

Raymond J Martin1, Bruno V Rego1

  • 1Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|March 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Translating mouse study findings to humans is challenging due to differing developmental timelines. This study derived age scaling factors for cardiovascular development in mice, improving research relevance.

Keywords:
developmentmaturationmodelingscaling

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Accurate age matching between human and mouse models is crucial for translating research findings, especially in developmental studies.
  • Tissue-specific variations in developmental timelines across species complicate age equivalence, particularly before maturity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cardiovascular-specific age equivalence mapping between humans and mice.
  • To establish a framework for selecting appropriate mouse ages in studies of normal cardiovascular development and pediatric cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled and mathematically modeled cardiovascular anatomical, functional, and biomechanical data from postnatal development studies.
  • Determined optimal age scale factors to align human and mouse developmental time courses for various cardiovascular variables.

Main Results:

  • An overall optimal age scale factor of 0.69 mouse weeks per human year was identified, with individual optima ranging from 0.4 to 1.3 wk/yr.
  • No single universal scaling factor can fully align all developmental timelines due to species-specific variations.
  • Some cardiovascular variables, like heart rate and aortic wall shear stress, show qualitatively different time courses and cannot be aligned by scaling.

Conclusions:

  • Variable-specific age scaling factors are recommended for studies focusing on particular tissues and loading conditions.
  • The identified age scale factors enhance the translational relevance and interpretation of findings from mouse models of cardiovascular development.
  • Limitations exist, as not all developmental trajectories can be perfectly aligned, necessitating careful consideration of the chosen scaling factors.