Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cardiomegaly With an Absent Tricuspid Septal Leaflet: A Cadaveric Case Report.

Cureus·2026

Same author

Establishing Cardiopulmonary Bypass Before General Anesthesia in a Patient Undergoing Right Atrial Myxoma Resection.

Cureus·2026

Same author

From Simulation to Surgery: Gauging Surgical Interest in Osteopathic Medical Students Through Cadaveric Simulation: A Pilot Study.

Journal of medical education and curricular development·2025

Same author

Epidemiology of Eventration: Predicting Prevalence.

Cureus·2025

Same author

Cadaveric Analysis of Valvular Anatomy in the Great Saphenous Vein: Implications for Surgical Planning.

Cureus·2025

Same author

Gallbladder fossa volume decreased in livers without gallbladders: A cadaveric study.

PloS one·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Estimating ejection fraction and heart failure severity using cardiac apex angles: a multiphase pilot study.

Schafer Paladichuk¹, Graydon Dietrich², Austin Evanovich¹

¹Department of Anatomy, 472550 Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine , Yakima, WA, USA.

Journal of Osteopathic Medicine

|March 4, 2026

Summary

Researchers found a correlation between cardiac apex angle and ejection fraction (EF) using chest X-rays (CXR). This may offer an alternative method for heart failure (HF) assessment where echocardiography is unavailable.

Keywords:

cardiac apex angle chest x-ray echocardiography ejection fraction heart failure limited resources

More Related Videos

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Published on: June 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Prognostic Indicators in Heart Failure - The Role of Phase Angle and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Prognostic Indicators in Heart Failure - The Role of Phase Angle and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Published on: June 30, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Published on: June 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Prognostic Indicators in Heart Failure - The Role of Phase Angle and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Prognostic Indicators in Heart Failure - The Role of Phase Angle and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Published on: June 30, 2023

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Heart failure (HF) impacts millions, with echocardiography (echo) being the standard for ejection fraction (EF) assessment.
The cardiac apex angle's potential role in estimating EF remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if a correlation exists between the cardiac apex angle and EF.
To validate a new standardized method for measuring the cardiac apex angle.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel method to measure cardiac apex angle using chest X-rays (CXR).
Analyzed 15 cadaveric hearts and retrospectively studied 583 patients from the MIMIC-IV database with matched CXR and echocardiogram data.

Main Results:

Cadaveric hearts showed an average apex angle of 47.2° and EF of 48.5% (R²=0.6543).
In the patient cohort, average EF was 52.7% and average apex angle was 47.2° (R²=0.7018).
Analysis included breakdowns by sex and CXR direction.

Conclusions:

Chest X-rays (CXR) can be utilized to estimate ejection fraction (EF), providing a practical alternative to echocardiography.
This method may improve early heart failure (HF) diagnosis and treatment, especially in resource-limited settings.