A different perspective on the cancer stem cell theory

Increased recurrence risk, aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor prognosis of cancer disease are challenges of conventional cancer treatment strategies attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells are primarily defined as a small number of cancer cells with stemness potency. They are known to be the potential cause of conventional anticancer therapy resistance, including chemo-radiotherapy or hormonal reagents that can self-renew, remain dormant for an extended period, and, in doing so, promote tumor growth. CSC's theory presents possible causes of disease relapse after successful conventional therapies. Removing these stem cells seems logical to optimize the outcomes of related therapeutic strategies. Comprehensively identifying the evolutionary path and biology of cancer cells and supposed CSCs can direct us towards appropriate management of the disease. In the current study, we discuss recent findings that present clues to reshape our understanding of cancer stem cell theory and portray a novel perspective on cancer cell evolution and potential cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although there is a need for more in-depth studies in this area, current theory can alter therapeutic options and disease control methods. It may lead to a revolution in oncology science.