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Updated: Jun 3, 2026
06:29
Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
Published on: May 25, 2022
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Dry Eye in Post-menopausal Women Visiting Community Eye Centre: An Observational Study
Kripa Joshi1, Manish Poudel2, Niraj Man Shrestha3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal.
JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association
|March 5, 2026
Summary
Dry eye disease affects over 70% of postmenopausal women, increasing with age and menopause duration. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing vision impairment.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Public Health
Background:
- Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular condition with potential for severe vision complications.
- Postmenopausal women represent a high-risk demographic for developing DED.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease in postmenopausal women.
- To analyze the relationship between DED and demographic factors like age and menopause duration.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 384 postmenopausal women was conducted.
- Ocular examinations, Schirmer test, and Tear Film Break Up Time (TBUT) were utilized for diagnosis.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of DED was 71.88% (276 out of 384 women).
- Prevalence increased with age, with the 60-69 years group showing high incidence.
- A significant association was found between longer menopause duration (>10 years) and higher DED rates (77.45%).
Conclusions:
- Dry eye disease is highly prevalent and often undiagnosed in postmenopausal women.
- Increasing age and duration of menopause are significant risk factors for developing DED.
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