Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome-A Survey-Based Approach to Understanding Symptoms and Cannabis Use Patterns

Area of Science:

• Medical research
• Clinical toxicology
• Cannabis studies

Background:

• Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a growing concern in emergency departments, marked by recurrent vomiting in some cannabis users.
• Lack of early identification tools hinders timely intervention for CHS.
• Understanding CHS risk factors and warning signs is crucial for harm reduction and improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate patterns of cannabis use associated with CHS.
• To identify symptom profiles and risk factors for CHS.
• To enhance early recognition and intervention strategies for CHS.

Main Methods:

• An anonymous online survey was distributed via social media to gather self-reported data on cannabis use and CHS symptoms.
• Participants were recruited from CHS-focused online communities.

Main Results:

• Daily cannabis use (≥6 times/day) was reported by 45% of 1134 participants around symptom onset.
• Long-term use (≥3 years) preceded CHS symptoms in 65.4% of respondents.
• Morning nausea and stomach pain were common prodromal symptoms; women reported more severe symptoms.

Conclusions:

• CHS is strongly associated with frequent, long-term use of inhaled delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) dominant cannabis.
• Vape cartridge use correlated with a faster onset of CHS symptoms.
• Increased awareness of these usage patterns can aid in earlier CHS recognition and management.