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Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

What is Climate?

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.

The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...

Bioremediation

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.

Radiation: Applications

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.

Published on: June 4, 2021

Thirty-six solutions to stabilize Earth's climate.

Haewon McJeon^1,2, Yang Ou^3,4

¹Graduate School of Green Growth and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 5, 2026

Summary

An updated visual assessment tool helps connect climate research findings with political decision-making. This innovation aims to improve climate action by making complex data more accessible to policymakers.

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Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

Climate Science
Environmental Policy
Data Visualization

Background:

Bridging the gap between scientific research and policy implementation is crucial for effective climate action.
Existing communication methods often fail to translate complex climate data into actionable insights for policymakers.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce an updated visual assessment tool designed to enhance the understanding and utilization of climate research by political actors.
To facilitate a more direct and impactful link between climate science and policy development.

Main Methods:

Development and refinement of a novel visual assessment tool.
Testing the tool's efficacy in translating climate data into policy-relevant formats.
Evaluation of the tool's potential to inform political decision-making processes.

Main Results:

The updated tool demonstrates significant potential in simplifying complex climate information.
Visualizations generated by the tool are perceived as more accessible and informative by policy stakeholders.
The tool effectively bridges the communication gap between climate researchers and political actors.

Conclusions:

The enhanced visual assessment tool serves as a vital bridge between climate research and political action.
Implementing such tools can lead to more informed and effective climate policies.
Further development and adoption of visual assessment tools are recommended to strengthen climate governance.