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  3. Detection Of Muscle Fiber Orientation During Human Tongue Development: Analysis Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging.
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  3. Detection Of Muscle Fiber Orientation During Human Tongue Development: Analysis Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

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Detection of Muscle Fiber Orientation During Human Tongue Development: Analysis Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Saho Suto1, Toru Kanahashi1, Sena Fujii1

  • 1Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

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|March 5, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to analyze embryonic tongue muscle development. Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles differentiate on a similar timeline, with DTI showing promise for tracking this development.

Keywords:
diffusion tensor imagingembryonic developmentextrinsic tongue musclesintrinsic tongue musclesmuscle fiber orientation

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Tongue muscles, intrinsic and extrinsic, are crucial for complex movements.
  • Previous gross and histological studies had limitations in distinguishing these muscles and their developmental timelines.
  • Accurate differentiation timelines are essential for understanding congenital tongue abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze embryonic tongue muscle fiber orientation using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
  • To establish differentiation timelines for intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles.
  • To evaluate the capabilities and limitations of DTI in embryonic muscle development studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on 29 human embryonic and fetal specimens.
  • Employed fiber tractography to track muscle fiber orientation and fractional anisotropy values.
  • Correlated DTI findings with serial histological sections for validation.

    • Main Results:

    • Tongue muscles began differentiating into myotubules around Carnegie stage (CS) 19, with many identifiable by CS23.
    • Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles showed similar differentiation timelines, starting at CS19.
    • DTI allowed for clear distinction between most extrinsic and intrinsic muscles based on fractional anisotropy and fiber orientation, though precise quantification was limited.
    • Histology confirmed specific muscle identification (vertical, transverse, hyoglossus, genioglossus) at CS19.

    Conclusions:

    • Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles differentiate concurrently during early embryonic development (CS19).
    • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a valuable tool for assessing embryonic tongue muscle development, capable of detecting immature muscle tissues.
    • DTI has limitations in precise quantification but offers insights into muscle differentiation and orientation, with potential applications in other developing tissues.