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Receptive-Expressive Language Phenotypes in Infants and Toddlers With Autism Features.

Torrey Cohenour1, Amanda Gulsrud1, Connie Kasari1

  • 1University of California Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most young children with autism features show uneven language development, with over 75% having either expressive or receptive language advantages. This atypical receptive-expressive language phenotype may predict future language growth in autism.

Keywords:
autismexpressive languageinfantlanguage developmentlanguage profilereceptive languagetoddler

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Speech-language pathology

Background:

  • Children with autism often exhibit a receptive-expressive language phenotype, characterized by discrepancies between receptive and expressive language levels.
  • It is not well understood if these atypical phenotypes are present early in life or predict later language development in children with autism features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of atypical receptive-expressive language phenotypes in toddlers with autism features.
  • To examine the association of these phenotypes with concurrent developmental functioning.
  • To determine if language profiles predict later language growth.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty 12-23-month-olds with autism features were assessed at baseline using receptive and expressive language age equivalent (AE) scores.
  • Children were classified into discrete language profiles: expressive advantage (EA), receptive advantage (RA), and balanced.
  • Language profiles were analyzed for associations with concurrent functioning and for prediction of 12-month language growth.

Main Results:

  • Over 75% of children displayed atypical receptive-expressive language phenotypes (40% EA, 36% RA), with only 24% showing a balanced profile.
  • No concurrent associations were found between language profiles and age, autism severity, joint attention, motor, or cognitive skills.
  • Children with an EA profile exhibited significantly slower expressive language growth over 12 months compared to RA or balanced profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Atypical receptive-expressive language phenotypes are common in toddlers with autism features.
  • The expressive advantage (EA) profile may serve as an early prognostic marker for slower expressive language development in children with emerging autism.