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Gut microbiome modulation by cricket, pea, and whey protein using the SHIME in vitro simulator
Irene Franciosa1, Gabriele Castelnuovo2, Carolina Cantele1
1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
NPJ Science of Food
|March 5, 2026
Summary
Cricket protein intake positively impacts gut bacteria and beneficial compounds, similar to pea and whey proteins. This sustainable insect protein shows no detrimental effects on the human gut microbiome.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology and Nutritional Science
- Gut Microbiome Research
- Sustainable Food Sources
Background:
- Entomophagy (insect consumption) is gaining traction as an eco-friendly protein source.
- Acheta domesticus (cricket) protein is a sustainable alternative, but its gut microbiome impact requires study.
- Understanding protein sources' effects on gut health is crucial for dietary recommendations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of isolated pea, whey, and cricket proteins on the human gut microbiome.
- To compare the effects of plant, animal, and insect proteins on microbial composition and function.
- To assess the safety and potential benefits of cricket protein in a simulated gut environment.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) with a single-donor fecal sample.
- Administered isolated pea, whey, and cricket proteins.
- Performed metagenomic analysis to assess microbial changes and functional gene expression.
Main Results:
- Cricket protein intake correlated with increased beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
- Pea protein intake was associated with Faecalibacterium and Slackia, and increased lysine degradation genes.
- Whey protein intake showed associations with Butyricimonas and Lactobacillus.
Conclusions:
- Each protein source (pea, whey, cricket) uniquely influences the gut microbiome.
- Cricket protein intake demonstrates potential benefits, promoting beneficial taxa and SCFA production.
- Cricket protein appears safe and comparable to plant and animal proteins regarding gut microbiome impact.
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