Genetics of Vitiligo: A Review

Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmentation skin disease with obvious family aggregation. About 25-50% of patients have positive family history, which belongs to polygenetic disease. In recent years, through candidate genes and genome-wide association studies, multiple susceptibility gene loci have been found, and studies also show that there is genetic heterogeneity among different populations. Environmental factors can also interact with genetic factors to trigger diseases through various mechanisms. The risk assessment model based on genetic and environmental factors provides a new direction for early screening and personalized prevention and treatment. In the future, we need to combine single cell sequencing and other multi omics technologies to explore the mechanism, develop targeted treatment strategies, and strengthen the application of genetic counseling and preventive measures in high-risk populations.