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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...

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A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

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Multigated Photochromic Materials: Mechanism, Progress, and Application.

Zihe Song¹, Jimeng Liao¹, Fei Hao²

¹State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.

Research (Washington, D.C.)

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Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Multigated photochromic materials offer advanced control by combining light with other stimuli like pH or voltage. This review explores their design, applications, and future potential in smart technologies.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemistry
Photonics

Background:

Photoresponsive materials enable remote control via light energy conversion.
Multigated photochromic systems integrate external stimuli (gating) for enhanced control over photoisomerization.
These systems overcome limitations of single-stimulus materials, enabling complex behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive analysis of multigated photochromic materials.
To establish a design strategy and classification framework based on gating mechanisms.
To guide the rational design of next-generation multigated photochromic materials.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of existing literature on multigated photochromic systems.
Classification of materials based on gating mechanisms (proton, electro, mechano, thermal, wavelength, ion, liquid, gas, intensity).
Critical evaluation of design principles connecting molecular structure to performance.

Main Results:

Detailed analysis of proton-, electro-, mechano-, thermal-, and wavelength-gated systems.
Discussion of emerging gating modes like ion-, liquid-, gas-, and intensity-gated photochromism.
Comparative analysis of gating modalities and identification of challenges.

Conclusions:

Multigated photochromic materials offer sophisticated, programmable behaviors for advanced applications.
Future directions focus on intelligent, adaptive material platforms.
Key applications include sensing, anticounterfeiting, information technology, and adaptive devices.