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Updated: Mar 7, 2026
Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Simultaneous Solvent and Interface Engineering of Electron Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar
Qingquan He1, Ruoyu Li1, Tao Zhang1
1Science and Education Integration College of Energy and Carbon Neutralization, Baima Lake Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion and Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Synthesis and Conversion, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
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Despite the high electron mobility and favorable interfacial properties, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) electron transport layers (ETLs) in perovskite solar cells often suffer from molecular aggregation, resulting in inhomogeneous films, insufficient defect passivation, and suboptimal energy-level alignment. Here, we introduce acetyl cyanide (AC) as a processing additive into the PCBM precursor solution. Through van der Waals interactions, AC disrupts π-π stacking between PCBM molecules, thereby improving dispersion and enhancing film homogeneity. This strategy significantly improves the conductivity and charge extraction capability of the PCBM ETL, while also optimizing energy-level alignment and strengthening interfacial passivation. Consequently, AC-modified devices achieve an efficiency of 25.75%, along with excellent operational stability, retaining over 80% of their initial performance after 1400 h under both ambient conditions and 85 °C thermal stress in nitrogen. This work offers a scalable and effective strategy to mitigate PCBM aggregation, facilitating more efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics.
