Two-dimensional material-polymer hybrid membranes for enhanced mechanical stability and environmental remediation

Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their exceptional thermal, tensile, chemical, and mechanical properties, making them promising candidates for designing next-generation polymeric membranes. Incorporating 2DMs with polymers not only improved selectivity and permeability but also considerably enhanced mechanical robustness, thereby improving long-term stability and durability, which are among the greatest challenges today. This review article provides new insights into advancements in 2DMs and 2DMs-based polymeric membranes, with particular emphasis on mechanical strength and their roles in environmental remediation. We also discussed how different 2DMs interact with polymers to address issues such as anti-fouling, stability, and durability in polymeric membranes. Additionally, we explore the challenges associated with polymeric membranes and how we can overcome them by using different 2DMs to develop a multifunctional 2DMs-polymer hybrid membrane that bridges mechanics with environmental remediation applications.