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RPS26 Expression as a Predictive Biomarker and Functional Modulator in Sublingual Immunotherapy for Japanese Cedar

Hironori Nakayoshi1, Hitoshi Hirakawa1, Taro Ikegami1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Ginowan, Japan.

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
|March 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ribosomal protein RPS26 may predict sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) success for Japanese cedar pollinosis. High RPS26 expression correlates with immune tolerance and treatment response, suggesting its role in immunotherapy efficacy.

Keywords:
Japanese cedar pollinosisPredictive biomarkerRPS26Sublingual immunotherapyTen-eleven translocation family

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP) affects many in Japan, with sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) being a key treatment.
  • Biomarkers for predicting SLIT response are currently lacking.
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing identified RPS26 as a potential marker for SLIT success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if RPS26 expression influences SLIT efficacy in JCP patients.
  • To define RPS26's role in T-cell dynamics, cytokine production, and epigenetic regulation during SLIT.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 35 JCP patients before and after SLIT.
  • Utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and quantitative PCR.
  • Assessed T-cell subsets, IL-10 secretion, and RPS26 knockdown effects.

Main Results:

  • scRNA-seq showed higher RPS26 in SLIT responders.
  • All patients with high RPS26 expression (≥100 units) responded to SLIT.
  • RPS26 knockdown reduced IL-10 and increased apoptosis; RPS26 correlated with TET2/TET3 epigenetic regulators.

Conclusions:

  • RPS26 acts as a biomarker and functional factor in SLIT for JCP.
  • RPS26's association with IL-10, regulatory T-cells, and epigenetic factors supports allergen desensitization.
  • Ribosomal specialization influences immunotherapy responsiveness, warranting further investigation.