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Updated: May 5, 2026

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse
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ECMO use in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a literature review

John Ibrahim1, Nicholas Carr2, Franscesca Miquel Verges3

  • 1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. John.ibrahim@utsouthwestern.edu.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|March 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is being reconsidered for infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Advancements may allow ECMO as a bridge to recovery or lung transplant in select cases.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Cardiopulmonary Support

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a primary cause of chronic respiratory failure in infants.
  • Severe BPD necessitates prolonged mechanical ventilation, leading to pulmonary hypertension, high morbidity, and mortality.
  • Historically, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) excluded infants with BPD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reassess the role of ECMO in managing severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
  • To evaluate ECMO as a potential rescue therapy for infants with refractory respiratory failure due to BPD.
  • To explore ECMO as a bridge to recovery or lung transplantation in select BPD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging reports and advancements in ECMO technology.
  • Analysis of updated anticoagulation strategies and ventilatory management protocols.
  • Consideration of patient selection criteria for ECMO in BPD.

Main Results:

  • Advancements in ECMO technology and management have led to its reassessment for BPD.
  • Emerging evidence suggests ECMO can be a viable option for severe BPD.
  • ECMO may serve as a bridge to recovery or lung transplantation for carefully selected infants.

Conclusions:

  • ECMO is increasingly considered for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) cases.
  • Careful patient selection is crucial, considering pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular function, and lung recovery potential.
  • ECMO offers a potential rescue therapy for refractory respiratory failure in infants with BPD.

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