Matrix-Dependent Effects of Phytic Acid on Konjac Glucomannan and Hyaluronic Acid Films for Biomedical Applications

Chronic wounds and bacterial infections present significant challenges in tissue regeneration, demanding the development of advanced bioactive materials that balance biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and tunable physical properties. This study explores the multifunctional role of phytic acid (PA) when incorporated into biopolymer films based on konjac glucomannan (KG) and hyaluronic acid (HA), focusing on how the matrix composition modulates PA's effects on film properties relevant to biomedical applications. PA incorporation significantly influenced water uptake, mechanical strength, and surface characteristics in a matrix-dependent manner. In HA-based films, PA promoted matrix compaction, reduced water content, and enhanced antioxidant activity, whereas in KG-based films, PA induced an increase in water retention and less pronounced antioxidant effects. Surface energy and wettability were favorably altered by PA in both systems, supporting potential improvements in cell-material interactions. Cytocompatibility assays confirmed the nontoxic nature of the films, with KG-based formulations demonstrating higher metabolic compatibility. Notably, PA incorporation suppressed bacterial metabolic activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, especially in HA-based matrices, while Staphylococcus aureus remained largely unaffected. These results underscore the potential of PA as a tunable additive and natural crosslinking agent and highlight the importance of polymer selection in optimizing film functionality. Finally, this work offers valuable insights into the development of sustainable, bioactive materials suitable for tissue engineering such as wound healing.