Microsatellite/SSR dataset: characterization of pear cultivars of the German Fruit Genebank

The German Fruit Genebank (GFG) is a decentralized network dedicated to the conservation and utilization of traditional cultivars of different fruit species in Germany. Within this framework, the German Pear Network was established to document and preserve pear cultivars, with a focus on those of German origin or historical significance. To assess genetic diversity and authenticity, two projects were initiated under the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, involving molecular and pomological characterization of pear cultivars across eight partner locations. After extensive data validation, 1,945 samples across 421 molecular groups were used to compile representative genetic profiles per cultivar, ensuring accurate documentation of pear genetic resources. Additionally, ploidy levels were determined via flow cytometry, and international alignment of genetic data was conducted to assign Pyrus UNiQue genotype codes (PUNQ). The resulting dataset enhances the transparency and accessibility of genetic information for research, breeding, and conservation efforts.