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Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Non-invasive Optical Imaging of the Lymphatic Vasculature of a Mouse
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A Modular Computational Approach for Assessing Active and Passive Force Contributions in Interstitial Lymphatic Fluid

Tharanga D Jayathungage Don1, Finbar Argus2, Soroush Safaei2

  • 1Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. t.jayathungage-don@auckland.ac.nz.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|March 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Lymphatic drainage depends on network structure and material properties. Complex branching reduces flow, while active pumping is crucial in highly branched systems, influencing fluid homeostasis.

Keywords:
Active and passive forcesBiomechanicsComputational modellingInitial lymphatic vesselsLymphatic systemValve mechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The lymphatic system is vital for fluid homeostasis.
  • Factors influencing lymphatic uptake, including active pumping, external forces, and tissue properties, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the impact of active pumping, external forces, and lymphatic/interstitial material properties on lymphatic drainage.
  • To develop a computational model for initial lymphatic uptake.

Main Methods:

  • A bond-graph-based computational framework was created to model lymphatic uptake.
  • Two network architectures (7-branch and 19-branch) were simulated.
  • Sensitivity analysis identified dominant parameters affecting lymphatic drainage.

Main Results:

  • Simulated uptake rates aligned with experimental data, validating the model.
  • Network topology significantly impacted flow; more branches led to lower flow.
  • Vessel compliance's effect varied with network complexity; interstitial permeability dominated passive flow.

Conclusions:

  • Lymphatic drainage is fundamentally governed by branching architecture and material properties.
  • Active pumping is critical in complex lymphatic networks.
  • The developed framework allows quantitative analysis of lymphatic function in health and disease.