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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
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No evidence that same-language subtitles improve children's reading fluency.

Anastasiya Lopukhina1, Holly Cooper1, Cheng-Yu Hsieh1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.

British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
|March 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Same-language television subtitles likely do not improve children's reading fluency. While children improved reading skills over six weeks, exposure to subtitles showed no additional benefit. Primary school reading curricula positively impact reading fluency.

Keywords:
closed captionseye‐trackinginterventionprimary‐school childrenreadingsame‐language subtitles

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Applied Linguistics

Background:

  • Global campaigns suggest same-language subtitles enhance children's reading.
  • Intervention studies are needed to test the causal link between subtitle exposure and reading fluency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal effect of same-language television subtitles on children's reading fluency.
  • To determine if increased subtitle exposure yields greater improvements in reading skills.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-week home-based intervention study involving 127 British children (Years 2 and 3).
  • Random assignment to either an experimental group (watching TV with English subtitles) or a control group (watching TV without subtitles).
  • Assessment of reading fluency using standard tests and eye-tracking to measure subtitle engagement.

Main Results:

  • Both groups demonstrated improvements in reading fluency over the 6-week period.
  • No statistically significant evidence indicated that subtitle exposure (average 66 hours) improved reading fluency compared to the control group.
  • No additional benefits were observed with increased subtitle exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Same-language television subtitles are unlikely to be an effective tool for improving children's reading fluency.
  • The primary school reading curriculum significantly contributes to reading fluency development over short periods.