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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

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Consistency and changes in eye movements during static, dynamic, and audio-visual emotion processing.

Holly Cooper¹, Ben J Jennings², Veena Kumari³

¹Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

|April 29, 2026

Summary

Eye movement patterns during emotion recognition differ between static and dynamic facial expressions. While gaze remains consistent, movement influences how individuals process emotional cues, impacting real-world social interaction research.

Keywords:

audio-visual expressions emotion recognition eye movement patterns facial expressions individual differences

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Emotion recognition is crucial for social interaction.
Eye movements provide insights into cognitive processes during emotion recognition.
Limited research exists on gaze patterns across static vs. dynamic facial expressions using realistic stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate eye movement patterns during emotion recognition of static photos, dynamic videos, and audio-visual stimuli.
To explore differences in facial region focus across expression types.
To assess consistency of eye movement patterns and their relation to recognition performance.

Main Methods:

Utilized region-of-interest analyses and Hidden Markov Models to track eye movements in 73 adult participants.
Compared gaze patterns across static facial expressions, dynamic videos, and audio-visual stimuli.
Correlated eye movement patterns with emotion recognition accuracy.

Main Results:

Participants focused more on the eye region for static expressions than dynamic ones.
Eye movement patterns were generally consistent across conditions but varied most between static and dynamic stimuli.
No specific eye movement pattern was definitively linked to higher emotion recognition accuracy.

Conclusions:

Emotion recognition differs between static and dynamic facial expressions, indicating movement influences processing.
Findings underscore the importance of using realistic, dynamic stimuli in research to enhance generalizability to real-world social interactions.