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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Visualization of the Charcoal Agar Resazurin Assay for Semi-quantitative, Medium-throughput Enumeration of Mycobacteria

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Acidic pH Restricts Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Replication.

Parise K Lockwood¹, Luiz Pedro Sorio de Carvalho², Rachel P J Lai³

¹Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.

Molecular Microbiology

|March 9, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Acidic environments influence non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) growth. Acid-tolerant NTM species replicate better inside host cells, suggesting environmental adaptation is key to NTM opportunistic infections.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Immunology
Environmental Health

Background:

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly prevalent clinically.
The switch of NTM from environmental to opportunistic pathogens is poorly understood.
NTM thrive in acidic environments, while host cells use acidic pH as a defense.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of acidic pH on NTM replication in vitro and in cellulo.
To determine if acid tolerance influences the opportunistic potential of NTM.

Main Methods:

Assessed growth of 12 NTM species across a pH range (4.5-8.0) in vitro.
Generated fluorescent NTM reporters for real-time intracellular replication tracking in human macrophages.
Neutralized phagosomal pH using bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) to assess its effect on NTM replication.

Main Results:

Acid tolerance varied significantly among NTM species.
Acid-tolerant NTM demonstrated higher intracellular replication efficiency in macrophages compared to acid-sensitive strains.
Phagosomal pH neutralization with BafA1 enhanced NTM intracellular replication and survival.

Conclusions:

Environmental adaptations, particularly acid tolerance, may predict the opportunistic potential of NTM.
Host cell acidic pH acts as a crucial defense mechanism against NTM proliferation.
Understanding NTM acid tolerance mechanisms could inform strategies against opportunistic infections.