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Tracking Microplastics and Their Associated Chemical Additives in Plant Tissues: A Pyrolysis GC-MS Approach to

Sarah A Alotaibi1, Gaddi B Eshun1, Omowunmi A Sadik1

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Summary

This study presents a new method to detect and quantify microplastics (MPs) and their additives in basil plants. The developed technique accurately measures polystyrene MPs, offering insights into their uptake and translocation in edible plants.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Microplastics (MPs) and their chemical additives accumulate in edible plants, posing significant risks.
  • Quantifying MPs in plants is analytically challenging due to contaminant concentration and translocation.
  • Reliable methods are needed to identify MPs and additives within plant tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a sample preparation and quantification technique for polystyrene (PS) MPs and additives in basil plants.
  • To investigate the translocation mechanisms of MPs from roots to aerial plant tissues.
  • To establish a standardized protocol for MP analysis in complex plant matrices.

Main Methods:

  • Acid digestion for PS MP extraction from basil plant samples.
  • Multishot pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) for MP and additive analysis.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for MP characterization and Agilent/NIST libraries for identification.

Main Results:

  • Successfully detected and quantified PS MPs using characteristic pyrolytic peaks (styrene trimer, m/z 91-312).
  • Achieved low limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) across different basil tissues (roots, shoots, leaves).
  • Demonstrated high MP recovery rates (64.8-96.0%) with good method precision (RSD < 6.9%).

Conclusions:

  • The developed Py-GC-MS method is effective for quantifying PS MPs in basil plants.
  • MP translocation from roots to shoots is likely driven by passive transport via a concentration gradient.
  • This research contributes to standardized protocols for MP analysis in edible plants.