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How volatile components stabilize bulk nanobubbles: a model study
Jing Li1, Zhenjiang Guo2, Shuai Xia1
1College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
Introduction:
Although bulk nanobubbles have been widely studied, the contribution of volatile components to their stability remains largely unexplored.
Methods:
This work investigates the stabilizing effect of volatile components (e.g., CO2, short-chain hydrocarbons) on nanobubbles in liquid bulk. A thermodynamic model is established to account for the dynamic equilibrium between non-condensable gas (exemplified by oxygen) and volatile species inside the bubble. The model was developed and validated using molecular dynamics simulations.
Results:
The findings demonstrate that volatile components introduce a negative-feedback mechanism that balances gas exchange across the bubble interface, thereby enabling long-term stability. By contrast, systems containing only non-condensable gases fail to sustain stable nanobubbles.
Discussion:
This study reveals that the synergistic interaction between volatile and non-condensable gases is a key mechanism for stabilizing bulk nanobubbles.
