SMART Family and Friends Mutual-Help Groups: Findings From a Mixed-Methods Formative Implementation Evaluation

Area of Science:

• Addiction research
• Implementation science
• Family support services

Background:

• Support for family members affected by substance use disorders (AFMs) is critical but challenging to implement.
• This study evaluated the SMART Family and Friends training program using a mixed-methods approach.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the perceived effectiveness of the SMART Family and Friends training.
• To examine program implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Main Methods:

• 24 participants with experience supporting AFMs were trained to deliver groups.
• Training was evaluated via the Work Practice Questionnaire.
• Semi-structured interviews (n=19) explored training and delivery experiences, analyzed using CFIR.

Main Results:

• Participants felt well-equipped (M=20.79) and found the training useful (M=28.40) and relevant (M=27.16).
• Intervention characteristics (approach, applicability, structure) enhanced engagement.
• Workplace factors (staffing), need for the program, and facilitator characteristics influenced implementation, alongside delivery challenges.

Conclusions:

• SMART Family and Friends shows potential for scaled implementation by peers and providers.
• Service limitations and help-seeking barriers may impede delivery.
• Addressing training, infrastructure, and understanding AFM needs are essential for successful implementation.