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Updated: Mar 11, 2026

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Effect of combined HIV and Substance use during pregnancy on placental efficiency

Julia Glace1, Annie Johnson1, Noor Chadha2

  • 1Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

Placenta
|March 9, 2026
PubMed

We examined the impact of combined HIV exposure and substance use disorder (SUD) on perinatal outcomes and placental pathology in a retrospective cohort of 268 pregnancies (2015-2024). Participants included HIV-only, SUD-only, combined HIV/SUD, and unexposed groups. The primary outcome was placental efficiency score, analyzed using multivariate regression. Nicotine (52.6%) and medications for opioid use disorder (82.8%) were the predominant exposures. The concurrent HIV/SUD group demonstrated the lowest placental efficiency, even after adjusting for hypertensive disorders [mean difference -1.7 (95% CI -3.2, -0.3)]. Combined HIV and SUD exposure may impair placental function and contribute to adverse perinatal outcomes, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
Antiretroviral therapyHIVMedication for opioid use disorderPlacentaPregnancySubstance use disorder

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