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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

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Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
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Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

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The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

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The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

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A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
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Reconstruction of R 3 ¯ ${\mathrm{\bar{3}}}$ m Disordered Phase Homogenizing Li+ Distribution Toward Mitigating H2-H3

Jiaxuan Zuo1, Lingkun Yang1, Xuan Yang1

  • 1Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Key Materials for Lithium/Sodium-ion Batteries, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers stabilized high-nickel layered cathodes (LiNi0.95Co0.02Mn0.03O2) by creating a disordered phase with vacancies. This improved lithium-ion distribution and structural integrity, significantly enhancing cycling performance in batteries.

Keywords:
cation disorderdelithiation reconstructioninterfacial disordered phaselattice matchingultrahigh nickel layered cathode

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • High-nickel layered oxides like LiNi0.95Co0.02Mn0.03O2 (NCM95) suffer from poor cycling performance due to electro-chemo-mechanical coupling failure.
  • This failure stems from inhomogeneous lithium-ion distribution and lattice mismatch during phase transformations at high charge states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mitigate the performance degradation of NCM95 cathodes.
  • To develop a strategy for enhancing structural integrity and electrochemical stability in ultrahigh nickel content layered cathodes.

Main Methods:

  • In-situ induction of an R 3m-type disordered phase via interfacial lithium and oxygen vacancies.
  • Characterization of the disordered phase's lattice matching and redox activity.
  • Evaluation of electrochemical performance in all-solid-state battery systems.

Main Results:

  • The induced disordered phase exhibited dynamic lattice matching with the NCM95 framework.
  • The disordered phase demonstrated redox activity, facilitating a delithiation reconstruction process.
  • Stabilized electrode/electrolyte interfaces by lowering nickel oxidation state and inhibiting defect formation.
  • Achieved excellent capacity retention: 99% after 100 cycles, 80% after 400 cycles, and 83% after 900 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The study clarifies the dual role of cation disorder in layered cathodes.
  • An effective interface design scheme for structurally stable, lattice-matched ultrahigh nickel cathodes was provided.
  • The findings pave the way for improved performance in next-generation lithium-ion batteries.