Immunometabolic Reprogramming in Experimental Sepsis: A Driver of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Metabolism
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with high mortality, driven by systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation.
• Immunometabolic reprogramming is a critical factor in sepsis progression and organ injury.
• Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a common, fatal outcome of sepsis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review metabolic alterations in immune cells and organs during experimental sepsis.
• To examine the role of immunometabolism in sepsis-induced organ damage and MODS.
• To identify potential therapeutic targets based on metabolic dysfunctions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of experimental sepsis models.
• Analysis of metabolic changes in immune cells and organs.
• Examination of temporal progression of pathological and metabolic changes.

Main Results:

• Key metabolic alterations include enhanced glycolysis, impaired mitochondrial function, and disturbed lipid metabolism.
• These metabolic changes are linked to organ damage, immune response modulation, and MODS development.
• Organ-specific metabolic dysfunctions and inter-organ crosstalk are significant in sepsis.

Conclusions:

• Dynamic immunometabolic regulation and tissue-specific responses are crucial for sepsis treatment.
• Integrating multi-omics, biomarkers, and personalized strategies can advance clinical translation.
• Targeting metabolic pathways offers potential for novel sepsis therapies.