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Post-infectious Basal Ganglia Encephalitis Caused by Mumps: A Case Series

Mahesh Kamate1, Gayatri Pawar1, Virupaxi Hattiholi2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Neurology, KAHER Deemed to be University's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, India.

Journal of Child Neurology
|March 10, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Mumps can cause rare but severe basal ganglia encephalitis, leading to movement disorders and behavioral changes. Vaccination is key to preventing this serious neurological complication.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Mumps is a neurotropic virus causing diverse neurological complications.
  • Post-/para-infectious basal ganglia encephalitis is a rare but severe mumps complication with high morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present cases of basal ganglia encephalitis secondary to mumps infection.
  • To highlight diagnostic criteria and clinical features.
  • To emphasize the importance of mumps vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Case series presentation of five patients.
  • Clinical assessment including history of parotitis or febrile illness.
  • Serologic evidence of mumps infection.
  • Neuroimaging to identify basal ganglia abnormalities.
  • Evaluation of response to immunomodulatory therapy.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis suggested by recent mumps history, acute movement disorders, behavioral changes, seizures, and basal ganglia imaging findings.
  • Extrapyramidal symptoms during recovery and improvement with immunomodulatory therapy support the diagnosis.
  • Post-mumps basal ganglia encephalitis demonstrates higher morbidity, slower recovery, and longer hospitalization compared to other mumps complications.

Conclusions:

  • Post-mumps basal ganglia encephalitis is a severe complication with significant morbidity.
  • Early recognition and potential immunomodulatory therapy are important.
  • Routine mumps vaccination is crucial for preventing mumps and its neurological sequelae, including basal ganglia encephalitis.
Keywords:
basal ganglia encephalitismovement disordersmumpsneuroimaging

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