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Multiscale Structural Engineering in Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Materials: From Atomic Defects to Macroscopic

Ya Ning¹, Shujuan Tan¹, Peikun Wu¹

¹College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|March 10, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Multiscale engineering enhances electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials by integrating atomic to macroscopic structures. This review details cross-scale synergistic strategies and structure-function coupling for improved EMW absorption performance.

Keywords:

broadband electromagnetic wave absorption intelligent response multiscale structural engineering structure‐performance coupling

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electromagnetics

Background:

Electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption is crucial for intelligent sensing and electronic devices.
Performance bottlenecks have shifted from material properties to structural control strategies.
Multiscale engineering offers enhanced controllability, efficiency, and tunability for EMW absorption materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a systematic overview of multiscale structural design for EMW absorption.
To elucidate the influence of structures across atomic to macroscopic scales on electromagnetic responses.
To summarize synergistic strategies and cross-scale structure-function coupling mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Review of multiscale structural design approaches in EMW absorption.
Analysis of synergistic strategies at atomic/molecular, nanoscale, microscale, and macroscale levels.
Emphasis on cross-scale structure-function coupling mechanisms (e.g., polarization, scattering, impedance matching).

Main Results:

Structural evolution across scales significantly regulates EMW absorption performance.
Identified key mechanisms including dipole polarization, interface loss, multiple scattering, and impedance matching.
Highlighted progress in synergistic strategies across different length scales.

Conclusions:

Multiscale structural engineering is key to overcoming EMW absorption limitations.
Further research is needed to clarify synergistic mechanisms and reduce reliance on empiricism.
Future directions involve advanced material design and performance optimization for EMW absorption.