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Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) understand Japanese ideophones similarly to typically developing (TD) adults. However, ASD individuals use these sound-symbolic words more restrictively and individually, potentially impacting communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Japanese ideophones convey sensations and emotions via sound symbolism.
  • Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have altered engagement with sound symbolism compared to typically developing (TD) adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether adults with ASD, who have normal language abilities, differ from TD adults in their understanding and use of tactile ideophones.
  • To explore potential differences in semantic representations and linguistic expression strategies related to sound symbolism in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Adults with ASD and TD adults rated tactile ideophones on physical and emotional dimensions using a semantic-differential questionnaire.
  • Study 2: Participants palpated fabrics and selected ideophones that best represented the tactile sensations.

Main Results:

  • Both ASD and TD groups demonstrated shared semantic understanding of tactile ideophones in Study 1.
  • While group-level choices aligned in Study 2, individuals with ASD showed greater variability, selecting fewer ideophones and using more idiosyncratic combinations than TD individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Adults with ASD possess intact semantic knowledge of tactile ideophones.
  • ASD individuals employ a more restricted and individualized approach to linking sensory experiences with ideophones, which may contribute to communication differences in ASD.