Performance improvements of recycled concrete and ceramic aggregates using graphene oxide nanocoating

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) represents-35% of global waste and-40% of related emissions. Recycled aggregates from CDW support sustainability and circular economy strategies. This study investigates the enhancement of recycled concrete and ceramic aggregates using graphene oxide (GO) nanocoating, applied without coupling agents. The coating removes fine particles from aggregate surfaces and provides waterproofing. Ceramic particles, due to higher porosity, absorb more GO than concrete particles. Experimental results show water absorption reductions of 19% (concrete) and 25% (ceramic) aggregates. GO forms a uniform layer, decreases microporosity, preserves surface roughness, and reduces particle detachment by 17% and 25% for concrete and ceramic aggregates, respectively. SEM analysis confirms a pore-filling effect consistent with waterproof behavior. These findings demonstrate the GO nanocoating effectively improves durability and performance of recycled aggregates, offering a practical route towards sustainable construction materials.