Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

1.1K
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
1.1K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

1.3K
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
1.3K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

1.8K
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
1.8K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

600
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
600
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

1.4K
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
1.4K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

726
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
726

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Editorial: Mechanisms and innovations in combating intracellular infections.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same author

Disparities in oral cancer screening among Indian women aged 30-49: insights from a national survey.

Ecancermedicalscience·2026
Same author

Multitask learning of longitudinal circulating biomarkers and clinical outcomes: identification of optimal machine-learning and deep-learning models.

BMC medical informatics and decision making·2026
Same author

Sex differences in vaccine-induced neuraminidase cross-recognition and protection against H5N1 in mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Gonadal regulation of sex-specific immunity in tuberculosis: enhanced lymphocyte function in females and dysfunctional myeloid responses in males.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A Masquerading Return: When Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Recurs After 20 Years to Mimic a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor on Somatostatin Receptor PET Imaging.

Clinical nuclear medicine·2026
Same journal

Diversity, Equality, and Inclusion in the naïve T Cell Receptor Repertoire.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Macrophage Plasticity and Immune Remodeling in Ischemic Heart Failure.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

The T Cell Receptor: Molecular Sensor, Therapeutic Mediator and Probabilistic Driver of Adaptive Immunity.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Heart: An Emerging Role in Chronic Inflammation.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Rethinking Immunity in Tissues: The Biology of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Inflammation-Driven Lymphoid Structures: Organization, Function, and Clinical Impact Across Autoimmunity, Cancer, and Checkpoint Toxicity.

Immunological reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei
09:02

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

Published on: February 17, 2014

20.3K

Sex as a Biological Variable in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis.

Manish Gupta1, Sabra L Klein2, William R Bishai1

  • 1Center for TB Research, Dept. of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|March 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sex significantly impacts tuberculosis (TB) outcomes, with males facing higher incidence and worse results. Understanding these sex-based differences is key to developing personalized TB treatments and improving global health strategies.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium tuberculosisrisk factorssex chromosomessex differencessex hormones

More Related Videos

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis
09:34

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis

Published on: August 16, 2021

2.3K
Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

19.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei
09:02

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

Published on: February 17, 2014

20.3K
An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis
09:34

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis

Published on: August 16, 2021

2.3K
Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

19.4K

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global infectious mortality cause, with significant health challenges.
  • Sex is a critical factor influencing TB susceptibility, disease progression, treatment success, and drug pharmacokinetics.
  • Current understanding of the biological mechanisms driving sex-based differences in TB remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted influence of sex on tuberculosis pathogenesis, drug metabolism, and resistance.
  • To investigate how sex-specific factors impact TB incidence, severity, and treatment outcomes.
  • To highlight the need for sex-specific strategies in TB management and global control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging evidence on sex-based differences in TB.
  • Analysis of factors including sex hormones and chromosomes.
  • Examination of disparities in TB incidence, disease severity, and treatment outcomes between sexes.
  • Assessment of sex-specific variations in drug pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions.

Main Results:

  • Males exhibit higher TB incidence, more severe disease, and poorer treatment outcomes (relapse, failure, death).
  • Females generally show better drug exposure and stronger immune responses against TB.
  • Significant sex-based variations exist in adverse drug reactions and pharmacokinetic profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Sex is a crucial determinant in TB susceptibility, progression, and treatment response.
  • Understanding sex-specific mechanisms is vital for personalized TB therapy and precision interventions.
  • Integrating sex-specific strategies can enhance TB management and global control efforts.