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Ranking-based sanctions for retraction-afflicted elite researchers.

Shaoxiong Brian Xu^1,2, Guangwei Hu²

¹School of Foreign Studies, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.

Accountability in Research

|March 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Research integrity among elite scientists is examined using retraction data from the 2024 Stanford list. Findings reveal variations by country and seniority, proposing a sanction framework for accountability.

Keywords:

Elite researcher research integrity retracted publication retraction rate sanction

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Area of Science:

Bibliometrics
Research Integrity
Scientific Publishing

Background:

The 2024 Stanford career-long list of the world's top 2% scientists (WTSs) provides a unique dataset.
This list now includes retraction data, enabling analysis of research integrity among elite researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze retraction data across countries, institutions, and research domains for WTSs.
To investigate variations in retraction prevalence, rates, and citation impact.
To propose and apply a sanction framework for WTSs with retractions.

Main Methods:

Examined retraction data from the 2024 Stanford WTSs list.
Analyzed data by country/region income, seniority, and research domain.
Calculated prevalence of WTSs with retractions, retraction rate, and citation rate of retracted publications.

Main Results:

Significant variations in retraction metrics were found by country income level, seniority, and research domain.
Notable differences in retractions were observed between China and the USA.
A ranking-based sanction framework for WTSs with retractions was developed and applied.

Conclusions:

Elite researchers with retractions should be held accountable and sanctioned.
The proposed sanction framework offers a practical approach to addressing retractions.
Further refinement of the sanction framework and discussion of implications are needed.