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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Recent Progress in Infrared Detection From Material Advances to Integrated Intelligent Systems.

Cheng Zhang1,2, Yilin Niu1,2, Ziyu Zhang1

  • 1International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems & State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 11, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation infrared systems are advancing with new materials and on-chip integration for enhanced sensing. These developments promise compact, intelligent infrared detection platforms for diverse applications.

Keywords:
infrared detectorsintelligent systemsmaterial advancesmicrostructure engineeringmultidimensional sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Materials Science
  • Infrared Technology

Background:

  • Traditional infrared (IR) detectors (e.g., HgCdTe, quantum wells) offer high performance but require cooling and are costly.
  • Growing industrial, environmental, and healthcare demands necessitate advanced IR systems with improved detectivity and functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in materials, structures, and integrated architectures for next-generation infrared systems.
  • To outline challenges and opportunities for developing compact, intelligent, and multifunctional IR detection platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of novel photodetector materials (2D materials, quantum dots) and band alignment engineering.
  • Integration of on-chip microstructures (plasmons, metasurfaces, 3D architectures) for electromagnetic field manipulation.
  • Incorporation of advanced technologies like in-sensor computing and on-chip digitization for integrated sensing and processing.

Main Results:

  • Emerging materials enable high photodetectivity, low dark current, and room-temperature operation in IR photodetectors.
  • On-chip microstructures enhance polarization and wavelength-dependent light absorption, enabling multidimensional photodetection.
  • Integrated systems offer compact architectures with adaptive perception, data compression, and real-time signal processing.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress in materials, microstructures, and integration is paving the way for intelligent, multifunctional IR systems.
  • Future IR platforms require a focus on material engineering, microstructure design, and integrated architectures for enhanced performance and miniaturization.
  • The convergence of sensing and computing on a single chip is crucial for realizing the full potential of next-generation infrared technology.