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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents
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A novel methodology for localizing pallidal deep brain stimulation leads.

Benjamin Pobiel1, Kevin J O'Neill1, Remi Patriat2

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
|March 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new software pipeline precisely maps deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead positions in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This improves patient-specific targeting by offering more accurate localization than traditional methods.

Keywords:
DBSParkinson’s diseasebrain mappingfunctional neurosurgerymovement disordersneuromodulationstereotaxytargeting

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Accurate deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead placement is critical for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) and dystonia.
  • Current methods using atlas-based targeting and stereotactic coordinates lack patient specificity and can be subjective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel software pipeline for precise, patient-specific DBS lead localization within the globus pallidus internus (GPi).
  • To improve quantitative determination of lead position, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • A Unity™-based pipeline ingested 7T MRI reconstructions of DBS leads.
  • The globus pallidus internus (GPi) was semi-automatically parcellated into 12 subregions using anatomical landmarks.
  • A novel GPi-specific coordinate system and distance-to-border metric were developed for lead localization and atlas remapping.

Main Results:

  • The GPi-specific coordinate system resulted in a significantly smaller active contact volume (5.08 mm³) compared to traditional mid-commissural point (MCP) coordinates (38.94 mm³).
  • Mean distance to the ellipse centroid was reduced with GPi-specific coordinates (2.03 ± 0.82 mm) versus MCP coordinates (3.45 ± 1.57 mm).
  • Lead location was successfully linked to post-DBS motor improvement scores in a subset of patients.

Conclusions:

  • The novel software pipeline offers a quantifiable and anatomically precise method for DBS lead localization.
  • This patient-specific approach overcomes limitations of atlas normalization and traditional stereotactic methods, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.