Build-up shielding-factors, physical, & mechanical properties of Er³⁺ doped borophosphate glasses with varied Bi₂O₃...

New Er₂O₃-doped lithium lead borophosphate with nominal composition 10Li₂O-10PbO-20B₂O₃ YEr₂O₃-XBi₂O₃-(60-(Y + X))P₂O₅ (where (X = Y = 0) or (Y = 1 and X = 0/2/4/8 mol%) were successfully synthesized. SEM reveals Bi₂O₃-induced microstructural evolution in Er-doped phosphate glasses, from homogeneity (0 mol% Bi) to phase separation/cracks (8 mol% Bi), balancing densification and network stability. Mechanical strength was also studied using the Makishima-McKenzie principle. The calculated mechanical parameters showed that doping with Er₂O₃ instead of P₂O₅ increased the strength and cohesion of the glass structure. Conversely, replacing the phosphate with Bi₂O₃ reduced the compactness of the glass network. Py-MLBUF was used to calculate the linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, tenth-value layer and the atomic interaction cross section for attenuation. Single and double layer exposure and energy absorption buildup factors were examined. Physical properties were investigated depending on the variation in Er₂O₃ and/or Bi₂O₃/P₂O₅ concentrations. The substitution of P₂O₅ with Er₂O₃ and/or Bi₂O₃ enhanced the physical and shielding properties of the prepared glass.