Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

1.5K
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
1.5K
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

1.1K
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
1.1K
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

154
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
154
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.6K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

GDF15 Reprograms the Microenvironment to Drive Liver Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma.

Cancer research·2026
Same author

Varicosity of Vortex Vein Ampulla in Ocular Fundus: Descriptive Series of 53 Patients and Literature Review.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Comment on Rivas et al. Unexpectedly Low Rate of Metastasis and Death Among Patients Treated for Uveal Melanoma with Brachytherapy, Vitrectomy, and Silicone Oil. <i>Cancers</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 2683.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Surveillance: A Delphi Panel Consensus.

Cancers·2026
Same author

BCOR Mutations Deregulate Cell Cycle and Hypoxic Adaptation Pathways in Retinoblastoma.

Molecular cancer research : MCR·2025
Same author

Anesthesia Strategies for Pediatric Ophthalmic Patients: Systematic Review of Recent Advances and Updates.

Current ophthalmology reports·2025
Same journal

Fatal Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> Coinfection Complicated by Internal Carotid Artery Arteritis: A Case Report.

Case reports in medicine·2026
Same journal

A Case of Strabismus in a Patient With Psoriasis.

Case reports in medicine·2026
Same journal

Acute Right Ventricular Failure Triggered by Excessive Fluid Resuscitation in Septic Shock.

Case reports in medicine·2026
Same journal

Tourniquet-Induced Atypical Lower Back Pain Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Case Report and Mechanistic Exploration of Referred Pain.

Case reports in medicine·2026
Same journal

Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia With Atrioventricular Block: A Report of Two Cases.

Case reports in medicine·2026
Same journal

Incidental Tentorial Cerebelli Hypoplasia: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review of Its Clinical and Imaging Characteristics.

Case reports in medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
09:03

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye

Published on: June 20, 2015

10.5K

Acute Cardiovascular Response to Ophthalmic Phenylephrine During Plaque Radiotherapy Insertion.

Daniel A Balikov1, Nathan L Scott2,3, Neil H Masters1,4

  • 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA, miami.edu.

Case Reports in Medicine
|March 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Excessive topical phenylephrine during eye surgery caused a patient's sudden high blood pressure and heart rhythm problems. Rinsing the eye thoroughly after using mydriatic agents like phenylephrine is crucial to prevent adverse cardiac events.

Keywords:
arrhythmiablood pressurechoroidal melanomaphenylephrineplaque radiotherapy

More Related Videos

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

2.0K
Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

33.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
09:03

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye

Published on: June 20, 2015

10.5K
Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

2.0K
Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

33.6K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Choroidal melanoma requires plaque radiotherapy placement.
  • Ophthalmic surgical procedures may involve topical mydriatic agents.
  • Phenylephrine is a common topical mydriatic agent used in ophthalmology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of acute hypertensive episode and cardiac arrhythmia.
  • To highlight the risks of excessive topical phenylephrine exposure during ocular surgery.
  • To emphasize the importance of communication between surgical and anesthesia teams.

Main Methods:

  • Observational case report.
  • Literature review.
  • Detailed patient case presentation of choroidal melanoma treatment.

Main Results:

  • A 56-year-old male patient experienced acute hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia after excessive topical phenylephrine application.
  • The patient recovered fully after treatment by the anesthesia team.
  • The choroidal melanoma was successfully treated.

Conclusions:

  • Excessive topical phenylephrine can lead to serious systemic adverse events, including cardiac complications.
  • Thorough rinsing of the ocular surface after mydriatic agent use is essential to prevent phenylephrine pooling and absorption.
  • Open communication between surgical and anesthesia teams is critical when administering phenylephrine during surgery.